In the face of the post-industrial ecological catastrophe it is worthwhile to analyze human culture through a reassessment of the idea of 'nature' as it appears in the writings of different writers who though writing in an urban, sophisticated set up, try to speak for nature; and thereby understand and address the problems of human cohabitation with nature. Anita Desai although writing in an industrial, cosmopolitan setting, engages herself with the basic concerns of the environmentalists and ecologists. She is generally thought to have addressed women's inner cravings for self-identity. Fire on the Mountain promotes eco- consciousness by foregrounding the landscape, by interpreting human actions in animal terms, by conveying to us the diverse nature of mountain biosphere, by depicting the ecological food chain of that locale and by describing some spontaneous natural processes; and thus aims at achieving an integral relationship between man and nature. And finally the novel warns us against the man-made damage on nature in the form of excessive population, the Army Billet, The Pasteur institute and its experimental killing of animals